Dual-use items and technologies refer to sensitive items and technologies + precursor chemicals + other general terms. Among them: sensitive items and technologies = nuclear + nuclear dual-use items and technologies + biological dual-use items and technologies + chemical dual-use items and technologies + MCCS + missile-related items and technologies; Precursor chemicals = chemicals that can be used in the manufacture of drugs; Other = computer + "special equipment" + "?". What are the specific contents of dual-use items and technologies? The state has compiled a detailed list of dual-use items and technologies, among which there are 23 categories of precursor chemicals, which can be downloaded from the list of dual-use items and technologies on the export control platform of the ministry of commerce online. How does the state manage dual-use items and technologies? The state shall exercise license control over the export of dual-use items and technologies. Specific regulations are as follows: measures for the administration of the registration of sensitive items and technologies Measures for the administration of dual-use items and technologies import and export licenses Catalogue of dual-use items and technologies for import and export license administration Iv. China's export control system and the purpose of export control 1.The meaning of export control: export control is a kind of policy that a country controls the export behavior of its legal person or natural person. 2.Purpose of export control: (1) ensure domestic demand for strategic materials (2) control the unique or leading technologies of the country (3) pursue foreign policy (4) safeguarding national security (5) maintain the order of foreign trade (6) fulfilling its international obligations (7) the new task given by the current situation -- counter-terrorism 3.China's export control system (1) export business registration system Business operators engaged in the export of sensitive items and technologies shall register with the competent department of the state council. The export of nuclear, MCCS and military products shall be exclusively handled by designated units. No unit or individual may engage in relevant export activities without registration. (2) license management system At present, the export of sensitive items and technologies shall be subject to the examination and approval of the relevant competent authorities under the state council item by item. After obtaining an export license, the applicant may go through the customs formalities for export. If the period of validity expires, a new export licence must be applied for. (3) certificate of end-user and end-use The end-user shall state in the certificate the end-user and end-use of the imported items and technologies, and expressly guarantee that they shall not be used for weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery;Without the permission of the Chinese government, the relevant items and technologies provided by China shall not be used for any purpose other than the declared end-use or transferred to any third party other than the declared end-user. (4) list control methods A detailed control list of relevant sensitive materials, equipment and technologies has been prepared. The relevant list covers the control list of "zango committee", AG, MTCR, WA, etc., and the monitoring scope is basically the same. (5) principle of comprehensive control An exporter is required to apply for an export license for an export item or technology that the exporter is aware of or should be aware of the existence of a proliferation risk, even if the item or technology to be exported may not fall within the scope of the control list. At the same time, the competent authorities concerned may also exercise temporary control over the export of specific items not listed in the relevant lists. (6) the principle of examination and approval with non-proliferation as the fundamental starting point Impact on national security and the public interest, as well as on international and regional peace and stability; China's international obligations and commitments; Whether the export of sensitive items or technologies will directly or indirectly endanger China's national security and public interests; Is it consistent with the international non-proliferation situation and China's foreign policy? The ability of the importing country to implement export control; Import domestic political situation and whether the surrounding environment is stable. (7) penalty measures Without registration, no unit or individual may engage in the export of sensitive items and technologies No one may export sensitive items and technologies without permission, or forge, alter or buy or sell export licenses for sensitive items and technologies beyond the scope of permission without authorization No one may obtain a license for the export of sensitive items and technologies by deception or other improper means. | 
